The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe

The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe The mind is a complicated thing. Not many stories are able to portray this in such an interesting manner as in Edgar Allan Poes The Fall of the House of Usher. The haunting story of a man and his sister, living in the old family mansion. But as all should know, much symbolism can be found in most of Poes works. The Fall of the House of Usher is no exception. First of all, we have the symbolisme of Roderick Ushers mind and the House of Usher coinciding. Both can be seem as one and the same. Residing in the house are both Roderick and his sister, Madeline. What can be translated from this is the age old hypothesis, the mind is divided in two parts: a male or rational part,†¦show more content†¦The exact momment where the shield falls to the floor, a knock is heard on the chambers door. Roderick goes to answer it and uppon opening the door, Madeline is seen, blood all over her, lunging towards him. We can see then why he says she was buried alive. Ones capacity to express emoti on, however bad it may be, is never truly dead, only forever sick. The Fall of the House of Usher. A good story by itself. An even better story if analysed correctly. The story of a man loosing his mind has rarely been presented so imaginatively. But this was only from one point of view. What other meanings can be pulled from this story? Perhaps it is the inner mind of a schitzophrenic, or even a legend told to scare little boys from hurting there sisters. They may just come back! Either way, This work is still worth reading. Edgar Allen Poe was an American writer that lived and wrote in the 19th century. Poes writings are known for their macabre subject matter. The dark imagery in his The Fall of the House of Usher gives the reader an intense environment of pure terror to reside in while he is in the story, as well as giving him a view into the mind of Poe himself. In this story, Poe uses the life-like characteristics of an otherwise decaying house and other inanimate objects as a device for giving the house a very supernatural atmosphere. (Baym) The first five paragraphs of the story present the arrival of the narrator and describe the House of Usher and its bleakShow MoreRelatedThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe1570 Words   |  7 Pagesingenious Edgar Allan Poe. A prime example of Poe’s spectacular work with single effect would be in the classic short story â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† which was published in 1839 and holds much critical acclaim. In the story, the narrator visits an old, mentally disintegrating friend and his dying sister in a house that invokes anxiety with mere proximity. While the whole tale is wrought with single effect, the most defining creepiness of the story was brought to life through Roderick Usher. ThroughRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is known for his poetry and short stories especially his tales of mystery and morbidity he was one of the countries first practitioners of short stori es such as the Fall in the House of Usher many of his poems and short stories is said to have been inspired by Poe’s real and tumultuous life, in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† Edgar Allan Poe uses sound, feeling and sight imagery to create and explore an atmosphere of horror and to convey to the reader the idea that fear coalescedRead MoreThe Fall Of House Of Usher, By Edgar Allan Poe1603 Words   |  7 Pagesshown in the previous paragraphs of Cole and Poe, they are very different people who have had contrary life experiences . Yet their works are still very similar. To further prove my case I shall use some of their works as examples. Edgar Allan Poe s â€Å"The Fall of House of Usher† and Thomas Cole s â€Å"Vesper Hymn† will be the first two works of art that are comparable. Poe s â€Å"The Fall of House of Usher† possesses all of the Gothic elements like a haunted house, dreary landscape, unknown sickness, andRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe668 Words   |  3 PagesThe Fall of the house of Usher Literary Analysis A â€Å"Royal house† refers to the Royal family’s members. The house becomes a representation of the family as the reputation of the house relies on the family’s actions and status. The Usher family was at one time a great family in the upper tier of society which is why they titled their family and home â€Å"the house of Usher.† Edgar Allan Poe uses this symbol to draw in the reader by giving the house of Usher human like characteristics similar to Lady MadelineRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe1216 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is a famous short story writer who writes many short stories, novels, and poems in the 19th century. Although he is obviously a very prolific writer, he is most famous for his macabre literature. This literature of his is best known for its melancholy descriptions that establish a setting and mood that contribute to the overall tale. Poe’s goal through his literature is to evoke horror into the reader’s mind. In â€Å"The Fall of The House of Usher,† Poe presents the demise of a distinguishedRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe946 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is known for the suspenseful and mysterious nature in his short stories, and to achieve this he uses repetitive symbolism. In the â€Å"Fall of the House of Usher†, the narrator gets a letter from an old friend saying that he needs his help. When he arrives he starts to hear voices that eventually cause the house to fall and results in the death of usher and Madeline. Poes â€Å"The fall of the House of Usher† portrays a melancholy setting and utilizes a motif of the supernatural, howeverRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe896 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe is well-known for his frightening and disturbing short stories. He portrays his characters in unforeseen circumstances that create an eerie atmosphere, and this then leads t o unsettling actions. In his famous short story, The Fall of the House of Usher, Edgar Allan Poe utilizes dark mood, dreary allegory, and mysterious symbolism to create the thrill and suspense. The mood of the characters set the intensity of fear and gloom, while the story of the Ushers follows psychologicalRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe1159 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† by Edgar Allan Poe is an ominous tale, told in retrospect, of a man who visited an old friend, Roderick Usher, who was dying of a mental illness. This visit was quite different then how the narrator believed it would be. The narrator explained the â€Å"insufferable gloom† he felt when he saw the mansion, and this dreary feeling only grew stronger the longer he stayed (Poe 1265). The narrator endured the bleak time with his old friend whoseRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe1104 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fall of the House of Usher Edgar Allan Poe is best known for his unnerving and suspenseful writings, and â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† is no exception. Just like Poe’s other clever writings, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† portrays a sense of fear and paranoia yet also a touch of curiosity with his extraordinary descriptions about the setting and characters, along with the tone. Poe does a magnificent job creating an eerie tone while describing the setting. Even in the first paragraph ofRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher, by Edgar Allan Poe785 Words   |  4 Pagesis a relation which relates itself to its own self.† I understand The Fall of the House of Usher in these terms; the story is a description of the sick self, the sick spirit, the mortally morbid human. The title provides a reasonable summary of the story: the subject is the House of Usher and what happens to the House is a fall. That would be simple enough, but matters are complicated by the fact that the phrase â€Å"House of Usher† has more than one meaning; the phrase can mean, â€Å"both the family and The Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe Imagine living in social isolation, where your only company is a half dead sister with the complexion of a ghost. Imagine not only being alone, but living in a period of time that does not understand the simplest of mental conditions; thinking that there is no one else like you, making you more than different and ostracized. Imagine living in a home that pushes on your already fragile mind; an old, worn down and abandoned mansion that has deteriorated along with you and your sister’s health. Would that not be terrifying? Like any tale of horror, whether it be written or an act, the fear factor will only increase with the small realistic details. One author who has mastered this single effect would be the ingenious Edgar Allan Poe. A prime†¦show more content†¦Surely, man had never before so terribly altered, in so a brief period of time, as Roderick Usher!†(Poe). Along with Roderick’s physical illness, he also suffers from mental disorders. A few he appea rs to posses are Obsessive-Compulsdive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and anxiety. His OCD is seen by the fact he can only wear certain textures and that â€Å"The most insipid food was alone acuteness of the sense†(Poe) or in other words, Roderick only eats specific bland foods. In addition, his bipolar disorder is seen through his bouts of depression and in ways he performs actions which are, â€Å"alternately vivacious and sullen†(Poe). Finally his anxiety is most prominent through the fact he is â€Å"enchained by certain superstitious impressions† (Poe). The life which Roderick lives is certainly full of constant duress. Therefore, as Edgar Allan Poe critic Charles May suggests, either, â€Å"...Roderick is mad or the narrator is mad...†(May 71). This is by no means surprising as Roderick is, â€Å"the embodiment of obsession and desire...†(May 71). Yet Roderick is not only tortured by illness of both his mind and body, but by the fact he is almo st completely alone. His own twin sister is dying and he suffers from an â€Å"acuteness of the senses†(Poe). Even the narrator knows that, â€Å"some combinations of objects have the power ofShow MoreRelatedThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is known for his poetry and short stories especially his tales of mystery and morbidity he was one of the countries first practitioners of short stories such as the Fall in the House of Usher many of his poems and short stories is said to have been inspired by Poe’s real and tumultuous life, in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† Edgar Allan Poe uses sound, feeling and sight imagery to create and explore an atmosphere of horror and to convey to the reader the idea that fear coalescedRead MoreThe Fall Of House Of Usher, By Edgar Allan Poe1603 Words   |  7 Pagesshown in the previous paragraphs of Cole and Poe, they are very different people who have had con trary life experiences . Yet their works are still very similar. To further prove my case I shall use some of their works as examples. Edgar Allan Poe s â€Å"The Fall of House of Usher† and Thomas Cole s â€Å"Vesper Hymn† will be the first two works of art that are comparable. Poe s â€Å"The Fall of House of Usher† possesses all of the Gothic elements like a haunted house, dreary landscape, unknown sickness, andRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe1438 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe The mind is a complicated thing. Not many stories are able to portray this in such an interesting manner as in Edgar Allan Poes The Fall of the House of Usher. The haunting story of a man and his sister, living in the old family mansion. But as all should know, much symbolism can be found in most of Poes works. The Fall of the House of Usher is no exception. First of all, we have the symbolisme of Roderick Ushers mind and the House ofRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe668 Words   |  3 PagesThe Fall of the house of Usher Literary Analysis A â€Å"Royal house† refers to the Royal family’s members. The house becomes a representation of the family as the reputation of the house relies on the family’s actions and status. The Usher family was at one time a great family in the upper tier of society which is why they titled their family and home â€Å"the house of Usher.† Edgar Allan Poe uses this symbol to draw in the reader by giving the house of Usher human like characteristics similar to Lady MadelineRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe1216 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is a famous short story writer who writes many short stories, novels, and poems in the 19th century. Although he is obviously a very prolific writer, he is most famous for his macabre literature. This literature of his is best known for its melancholy descriptions that establish a setting and mood that contribute to the overall tale. Poe’s goal through his literature is to evoke horror into the reader’s mind. In â€Å"The Fall of The House of Usher,† Poe presents the demise of a distinguishedRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe946 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is known for the suspenseful and mysterious nature in his short stories, and to achieve this he uses repetitive symbolism. In the â€Å"Fall of the House of Usher†, the narrator gets a letter from an old friend saying that he needs his help. When he arrives he starts to hear voices that eventually cause the house to fall and results in the death of usher and Madeline. Poes â€Å"The fall of the House of Usher† portrays a melancholy setting and utilizes a motif of the supernatural, howeverRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe896 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe is well-known for his frightening and disturbing short stories. He portrays his characters in unforeseen circumstances that create an eerie atmosphere, and this then leads t o unsettling actions. In his famous short story, The Fall of the House of Usher, Edgar Allan Poe utilizes dark mood, dreary allegory, and mysterious symbolism to create the thrill and suspense. The mood of the characters set the intensity of fear and gloom, while the story of the Ushers follows psychologicalRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe1159 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† by Edgar Allan Poe is an ominous tale, told in retrospect, of a man who visited an old friend, Roderick Usher, who was dying of a mental illness. This visit was quite different then how the narrator believed it would be. The narrator explained the â€Å"insufferable gloom† he felt when he saw the mansion, and this dreary feeling only grew stronger the longer he stayed (Poe 1265). The narrator endured the bleak time with his old friend whoseRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe1104 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fall of the House of Usher Edgar Allan Poe is best known for his unnerving and suspenseful writings, and â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† is no exception. Just like Poe’s other clever writings, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† portrays a sense of fear and paranoia yet also a touch of curiosity with his extraordinary descriptions about the setting and characters, along with the tone. Poe does a magnificent job creating an eerie tone while describing the setting. Even in the first paragraph ofRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher, by Edgar Allan Poe785 Words   |  4 Pagesis a relation which relates itself to its own self.† I understand The Fall of the House of Usher in these terms; the story is a description of the sick self, the sick spirit, the mortally morbid human. The title provides a reasonable summary of the story: the subject is the House of Usher and what happens to the House is a fall. That would be simple enough, but matters are complicated by the fact that the phrase â€Å"House of Usher† has more than one meaning; the phrase can mean, â€Å"both the family and The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe To begin with, Poe has carefully tailored the narrative in a manner to fit the theory of single effect. The unnamed narrator suggests that his main job is to narrate. His logical treatment and explanation of what happens throughout the story adds plausibility and credibility to the narrator. Darrel Abel described the narrator as â€Å"Anthropos† for he, the narrator, remains â€Å"uncharacterized, undescribed and even unnamed† (177). Although the reader does not know much about him, the attention is fully drawn instead to the strangeness in the House of Usher and the horror tour inside the house. Poe builds a strong connection between the narrator and the reader, â€Å"The reader represents Poe’s ideal narrator, and Poe’s narrator represents his ideal†¦show more content†¦Poe’s psychological approach to the story makes the connection between the reader and the narrator stronger and shows the strategy that Poe adopted in conveying the feeli ngs from the text into the reader’s mind. Thus, what the reader experiences in the process of reading the text reveals exactly what happens to the narrator. In return, what happens to the narrator suggests the process the reader undergoes in the reading of Poe’s story: â€Å"The reader becomes an active mediator containing the psychological effects of the story’s utterance, so the narrator’s imagination records a series of psychological effects that constitute the action of Poe’s text† (Bieganowski 178). The second element that Poe dedicates to achieving unity of effect is setting. Much of the horror in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† is achieved through its gloomy setting. The story opens with a grim start: During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country; and at length found myself, as the shades of the evening drew on, within view of the melancholy House of Usher† (Poe 117). Poe wastes no time putting the reader in front of the image of an eerie, old mansion. As a result, the reader will soon be aware of a sense of death and decay. Poe’s setting plants the seed of horrorShow MoreRelatedThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe1570 Words   |  7 Pagesingenious Edgar Allan Poe. A prime example of Poe’s spectacular work with single effect would be in the classic short story â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† which was published in 1839 and holds much critical acclaim. In the story, the narrator visits an old, mentally disintegrating friend and his dying sister in a house that invokes anxiety with mere proximity. While the whole tale is wrought with single effect, the most defining creepiness of the story was brought to life through Roderick Usher. ThroughRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is known for his poetry and short stories especially his tales o f mystery and morbidity he was one of the countries first practitioners of short stories such as the Fall in the House of Usher many of his poems and short stories is said to have been inspired by Poe’s real and tumultuous life, in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† Edgar Allan Poe uses sound, feeling and sight imagery to create and explore an atmosphere of horror and to convey to the reader the idea that fear coalescedRead MoreThe Fall Of House Of Usher, By Edgar Allan Poe1603 Words   |  7 Pagesshown in the previous paragraphs of Cole and Poe, they are very different people who have had contrary life experiences . Yet their works are still very similar. To further prove my case I shall use some of their works as examples. Edgar Allan Poe s â€Å"The Fall of House of Usher† and Thomas Cole s â€Å"Vesper Hymn† will be the first two works of art that are comparable. Poe s â€Å"The Fall of House of Usher† possesses all of the Gothic elements like a haunted house, dreary landscape, unknown sickness, andRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe1438 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe The mind is a complicated thing. Not many stories are able to portray this in such an interesting manner as in Edgar Allan Poes The Fall of the House of Usher. The haunting story of a man and his sister, living in the old family mansion. But as all should know, much symbolism can be found in most of Poes works. The Fall of the House of Usher is no exception. First of all, we have the symbolisme of Roderick Ushers mind and the House ofRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe668 Words   |  3 PagesThe Fall of the house of Usher Literary Analysis A â€Å"Royal house† refers to the Royal family’s members. The house becomes a representation of the family as the reputation of the house relies on the family’s actions and status. The Usher family was at one time a great family in the upper tier of society which is why they titled their family and home â€Å"the house of Usher.† Edgar Allan Poe uses this symbol to draw in the reader by giving the house of Usher human like characteristics similar to Lady MadelineRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe1216 Words   |  5 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is a famous short story writer who writes many short stories, novels, and poems in the 19th century. Although he is obviously a very prolific writer, he is most famous for his macabre literature. This literature of his is best known for its melancholy descriptions that establish a setting and mood that contribute to the overall tale. Poe’s goal through his literature is to evoke horror into the reader’s mind. In â€Å"The Fall of The House of Usher,† Poe presents the demise of a distinguishedRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe946 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is known for the suspenseful and mysterious nature in his short stories, and to achieve this he uses repetitive symbolism. In the â€Å"Fall of the House of Usher†, the narrator gets a letter from an old friend saying that he needs his help. When he arrives he starts to hear voices that eventually cause the house to fall and results in the death of usher and Madeline. Poes â€Å"The fall of the House of Usher† portrays a melancholy setting and utilizes a motif of the supernatural, howeverRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe896 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe is well-known for his frightening and disturbing short stories. He portrays his characters in unforeseen circumstances that create an eerie atmosphere, and this then leads t o unsettling actions. In his famous short story, The Fall of the House of Usher, Edgar Allan Poe utilizes dark mood, dreary allegory, and mysterious symbolism to create the thrill and suspense. The mood of the characters set the intensity of fear and gloom, while the story of the Ushers follows psychologicalRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe1159 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† by Edgar Allan Poe is an ominous tale, told in retrospect, of a man who visited an old friend, Roderick Usher, who was dying of a mental illness. This visit was quite different then how the narrator believed it would be. The narrator explained the â€Å"insufferable gloom† he felt when he saw the mansion, and this dreary feeling only grew stronger the longer he stayed (Poe 1265). The narrator endured the bleak time with his old friend whoseRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe1104 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fall of the House of Usher Edgar Allan Poe is best known for his unnerving and suspenseful writings, and â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† is no exception. Just like Poe’s other clever writings, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† portrays a sense of fear and paranoia yet also a touch of curiosity with his extraordinary descriptions about the setting and characters, along with the tone. Poe does a magnificent job creating an eerie tone while describing the setting. Even in the first paragraph of The Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is a famous short story writer who writes many short stories, novels, and poems in the 19th century. Although he is obviously a very prolific writer, he is most famous for his macabre literature. This literature of his is best known for its melancholy descriptions that establish a setting and mood that contribute to the overall tale. Poe’s goal through his literature is to evoke horror into the reader’s mind. In â€Å"The Fall of The House of Usher,† Poe presents the demise of a distinguished family. The description of the house and its occupants summon a feeling of gloom and terror. Poe invokes this feeling first by describing the house, and then by describing its inhabitants. Through gloomy imagery, Poe illustrates how both the House of Usher and the family are one; they also share the same inescapable fate. Poe begins his gloomy description with the house’s exterior. The exterior factors include the outside of house and the surrounding environment. Poe uses the narrator as a tool to describe them. The House of Usher is described through several particularly dark words. Poe says, â€Å"†¦With the first glimpse of the building, a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit† (Poe 702). The house is described furthermore with similar adjectives. The gloom, however, is not just from the house. The landscape surrounding the house is nothing but â€Å"a few rank sedges and†¦ a few white trunks of decayed trees† (Poe 702). Poe further describes the exterior and its variousShow MoreRelatedThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe1570 Words   |  7 Pagesingenious Edgar Allan Poe. A prime example of Poe’s spectacular work with single effect would be in the classic short story â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† which was published in 183 9 and holds much critical acclaim. In the story, the narrator visits an old, mentally disintegrating friend and his dying sister in a house that invokes anxiety with mere proximity. While the whole tale is wrought with single effect, the most defining creepiness of the story was brought to life through Roderick Usher. ThroughRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is known for his poetry and short stories especially his tales of mystery and morbidity he was one of the countries first practitioners of short stories such as the Fall in the House of Usher many of his poems and short stories is said to have been inspired by Poe’s real and tumultuous life, in â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† Edgar Allan Poe uses sound, feeling and sight imagery to create and explore an atmosphere of horror and to convey to the reader the idea that fear coalescedRead MoreThe Fall Of House Of Usher, By Edgar Allan Poe1603 Words   |  7 Pagesshown in the previous paragraphs of Cole and Poe, they are very different people who have had contrary life experiences . Yet their works are still very similar. To further prove my case I shall use some of their works as examples. Edgar Allan Poe s â€Å"The Fall of House of Usher† and Thomas Cole s â€Å"Vesper Hymn† will be the first two works of art that are comparable. Poe s â€Å"The Fall of House of Usher† possesses all of the Gothic elements like a haunted house, dreary landscape, unknown sickness, andRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe1438 Words   |  6 PagesThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe The mind is a complicated thing. Not many stories are able to portray this in such an interesting manner as in Edgar Allan Poes The Fall of the House of Usher. The haunting story of a man and his sister, living in the old family mansion. But as all should know, much symbolism can be found in most of Poes works. The Fall of the House of Usher is no exception. First of all, we have the symbolisme of Roderick Ushers mind and the House ofRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe668 Words   |  3 PagesThe Fall of the house of Usher Literary Analysis A â€Å"Royal house† refers to the Royal family’s members. The house becomes a representation of the family as the reputation of the house relies on the family’s actions and status. The Usher family was at one time a great family in the upper tier of society which is why they titled their family and home â€Å"the house of Usher.† Edgar Allan Poe uses this symbol to draw in the reader by giving the house of Usher human like characteristics similar to Lady MadelineRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe946 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is known for the suspenseful and mysterious nature in his short stories, and to achieve this he uses repetitive symbolism. In the â€Å"Fall of the House of Usher†, the narrator gets a letter from an old friend saying that he needs his help. When he arrives he starts to hear voices that eventually cause the house to fall and results in the death of usher and Madeline. Poes â€Å"The fall of the House of Usher† portrays a melancholy setting and utilizes a motif of the supernatural, howeverRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe896 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allen Poe is well-known for his frightening and disturbing short stories. He portrays his characters in unforeseen circumstances that create an eerie atmosphere, and this then leads to unsettling actions. In his famous short story, The Fall of the House of Usher, Edgar Allan Poe utilizes dark mood, dreary allegory, and mysterious symbolism to create the thrill and suspense. The mood of the characters set the intensity of fear and gloom, while the story of the Ushers follows psychologicalRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe1159 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† by Edgar Allan Poe is an ominous tale, told in retrospect, of a man who visited an old friend, Roderick Usher, who was dying of a mental illness. This visit was quite different then how the narrator believed it would be. The narrator explained the â€Å"insufferable gloom† he felt when he saw the mansion, and this dreary feeling only grew stronger the longer he stayed (Poe 1265). The narrator endured the bleak time with his old friend whoseRead MoreThe Fall Of The House Of Usher By Edgar Allan Poe1104 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fall of the House of Usher Edgar Allan Poe is best known for his unnerving and suspenseful writings, and â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† is no exception. Just like Poe’s other clever writings, â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† portrays a sense of fear and paranoia yet also a touch of curiosity with his extraordinary descriptions about the setting and characters, along with the tone. Poe does a magnificent job creating an eerie tone while describing the setting. Even in the first paragraph ofRead MoreThe Fall of the House of Usher, by Edgar Allan Poe785 Words   |  4 Pagesis a relation which relates itself to its own self.† I understand The Fall of the House of Usher in these terms; the story is a description of the sick self, the sick spirit, the mortally morbid human. The title provides a reasonable summary of the story: the subject is the House of Usher and what happens to the House is a fall. That would be simple enough, but matters are complicated by the fact that the phrase â€Å"House of Usher† has more than one meaning; the phrase can mean, â€Å"both the family and

The Australian Media Is An Available And Reliable...

The Australian media is generally considered to be an available and reliable information source for Australian society. The media therefore has a strong influence over the information of social and individual opinions. Refugees are people who have been forced to leave their home because of war, natural disasters or persecution. The media represents this ‘category’ of people using a narrow group of information, presenting a particular skew of opinion, which is passed onto the individuals who place trust in these sources. Through the media interpreting the typical Australian, generally not showing the reality of immigrants it allows society to disregard refugees or asylum seekers as they do not ‘fit’ this ideal Australian. This ideology of the Australian has caused a history of social categorization and discrimination, often based in a racial or religious difference between the British Australian settlers, and a variety of groups, including: the Indigenous com munity, Chinese gold rush settlers, and Mediterranean immigrants. Recently, these social categorizations have been strongly targeted toward those seeking asylum on Australia’s shores. The rapid evolution of technology and the media has caused dramatic changes in the way that society, and the individuals within it have understood and approached these issues. The media in its news form is considered to be a highly trusted source of information. This gives them a huge influence over Australia’s views over certain topics.Show MoreRelatedHow Do Television Advertisements Affect People s Health And Its Significance1684 Words   |  7 Pagesin modern society, and has been labeled as one of the most serious health issues. Overweight and obese children generally grow up to be overweight and/or obese as adults, who are highly likely to be predisposed to health disorders such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other sorts of illnesses. With fast food, soda, sedentary activities, and technology surroundings everyone in modern society, individuals are slowly becoming overweight. Fast food is quite cheaply and widely available and has becomeRead MoreThe Economic Inequality Of Australia1861 Words   |  8 Pagesequal, there is a severe presence of economic inequality. With millions of people living poverty, Australia’s wealthy cont inue to accumulate wealth, whereas the poor continue to become poorer. With the economic inequality in Australia rising, the Australian government is contributing to this by creating new policies within the budget, making those who are disadvantaged already worse off. Rather than creating policies that make the wealthy even wealthier, the government should be reducing the burdenRead MoreApa Style4871 Words   |  20 PagesAPA Referencing Summary A guide to referencing based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). This summary gives examples of the APA referencing style for a number of information sources that you will commonly use. If you cannot find the relevant pattern here, then refer to the APA Publication Manual (6th ed.). Learning Skills highly recommends that you purchase a copy of Robert Perrin’s Pocket Guide to APA Style (3rd ed.) from the Co-op Bookshop. You shouldRead MoreEssay about Wikileaks and Julian Assange3373 Words   |  14 Pages(Julian Assange, 2010, as cited in Poulsen Zetter, 2010) Introduction In his article, The Mediatisation of Society Theory, Hjarvard (2008) deduces that media simultaneously become an integrated part of society, not to mention the existence of new media like the Internet. In fact, this integration of Internet into our daily life has made us live in the digital age where information is shared in real time and in global context. Castells (2007) even argues that in this digital age, people are ableRead MoreThe Importance Of A Quality Management Plan1499 Words   |  6 Pagesthe street. Events can be small, local or large that involves many attendees. In the event stage industry there is a range of information that would help you when working in the event industry which includes having the knowledge of relevant legislation to understand the legislation that must be complied with at national state/ territory and local levels. This information would be of assistance as it would give the understanding needed to comply with the legislation and can be accessed via the internetRead MoreThe Effects of Advertising on Children33281 Words   |  134 Pagesany process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Manager, Communications/Media, Australian Communications and Media Authority, PO Box 13112 Law Courts, Melbourne Vic 8010. Published by the Australian Communications and Media Authority Canberra Central Office Purple Building, Benjamin Offices Chan Street, Belconnen PO Box 78, Belconnen ACT 2616 Tel: 02 6219 5555 Fax: 02 6219 5200 Melbourne CentralRead MoreEssay about Restaurant Business Plan10168 Words   |  41 Pageshave an impact on La Barata’s organisational structure. The methodologies used in this report include secondary research. The data is mainly collected from websites regarding contemporary issues in Australia and especially Manly. The information and theories has also been sourced from textbooks and personal communication. This business plan has made it possible for La Barata to see the viability in the restaurant industry in the Manly area. In addition further recommendations and possibleRead MoreInternational Media s Coverage Of An Event Essay3208 Words   |  13 Pagesvisible when an international crisis occurs and the news media are expected to grant concentrated, live and sustained attention to the story as it unfolds. Such can be observed with the international media’s coverage of the hostage crisis that took place on the 15th-16th of December in the Lindt chocolate cafà © in Martin Place, Sydney. Though some news providers were successful in providing responsible journalism, the dearth of official information surroun ding the event saw another sector of outlets adverselyRead MoreThe Media, Disasters, and Aid Essay2947 Words   |  12 PagesINTRODUCTION There is little doubt that the media has a profound impact on our awareness of humanitarian emergencies and disaster relief around the world. The reality of these disasters, and our responses to them, are heavily influenced by the framework that the media uses – through exposure on television, radio and in print – to capture our attention. The media has a number of important responsibilities during a natural disaster. I have broken down their responsibilities into four stages: earlyRead MoreWhat is Study Food?2788 Words   |  12 Pagesgive ‘Study Foods’ powerful vehicles to promote our image, products and to generate goodwill to the public. 2. Business Concept â€Å"Study Foods† is a business idea presented to students that find them selves unable to retain large amounts of information, and struggling to recall on what they have absorbed and learnt throughout their study period. Study Foods aims to provide these students with food snacks that have natural occurring ingredients within them to help increase brain activity and the

Global Industrial Silica Sand Market 2012 †2016 †Industry Monitor.Co Free Essays

IndustryMonitor. Co announces addition of new report â€Å"Global Industrial Silica Sand Market 2012 – 2016† in it’s database. To book your copy of this report @ http://www. We will write a custom essay sample on Global Industrial Silica Sand Market 2012 – 2016 – Industry Monitor.Co or any similar topic only for you Order Now industrymonitor. co/report/166461-global TechNavio’s analysts forecast the Global Industrial Silica Sand market to grow at a CAGR of 4. 50 percent over the period 2012-2016. One of the key factors contributing to this market growth is the increased adoption of industrial silica sand for hydraulic fracturing. The Global Industrial Silica Sand market has also been witnessing the increasing focus toward R activities. However, increasing use of recycled silica sand could pose a challenge to the growth of this market. TechNavio’s report, Global Industrial Silica Sand Market 2012-2016, has been prepared based on an in-depth market analysis of the market with inputs from industry experts. The report covers the Americas, and the EMEA and APAC regions; it also covers Global Industrial Silica Sand market landscape and its growth prospects in the coming years. The report also includes a discussion of the key vendors operating in this market. Key vendors dominating this market space include namely Quarzwerke GmbH, U. S. Silica Holdings Inc. , Fairmount Minerals Ltd. , and Sibelco Group For Request The Sample of this Report Visit: http://www. industrymonitor. co/sample/sample/166461 Other vendors mentioned in the report: Preferred Sands LLC, Xinyi Golden Ruite Quartz Materials Co. Ltd. , Xuzhou Shihang Silica Sand Co. Ltd. , Zhuzhou Kibing Group Co. Ltd. , J. R. Simplot Co. , Pattison Sand Co. LLC, and CEMEX SAB de CV. Key questions answered in this report: What will the market size be in 2016 and at what will be the growth rate? What are key market trends? What is driving this market? What are the challenges to market growth? Who are the key vendors in this market space? What are the market opportunities and threats faced by key vendors? What are the strengths and weaknesses of each of these key vendors? Latest Report: Global Advance Process Control Software Market 2012 – 2016 : http://www. industrymonitor. co/report/166460-global TechNavio’s analysts forecast the Global Advance Process Control Software market to grow at a CAGR of 10. 67 percent over the period 2012-2016. One of the key factors contributing to this market growth is the migration from legacy system to Advance Process Control software. The Global Advance Process Control Software market has also been witnessing the development of customized APC software. However, lack of awareness about APC software could pose a challenge to the growth of this market. TechNavio’s report, Global Advance Process Control Software Market 2012-2016, has been prepared based on an in-depth market analysis of the market with inputs from industry experts. The report covers the Americas, and the EMEA and APAC regions; it also covers Global Advance Process Control Software market landscape and its growth prospects in the coming years. The report also includes a discussion of the key vendors operating in this market. Contact Us: Hemendra Pratap State Tower 90 State Street, Suite 700 Albany, NY 12207 United States Tel: +1-518-618-1030 sales@IndustryMonitor. co Website: http://www. industrymonitor. co/ Blog: http://industrymonitorblog. blogspot. com/ How to cite Global Industrial Silica Sand Market 2012 – 2016 – Industry Monitor.Co, Papers

Telehealth Service System Disease Remote Monitoring

Question: Discuss about the Telehealth Service System for Disease Remote Monitoring. Answer: Introduction: Within this report the telehealth service system has been discussed in detail. The report describes the parts of the system along with the functional requirement of the system. As per the diagram, the stakeholder mapping and the use case diagram of the system has been provided within the system. The telehealth system can be referred to as the system through the heath related issues of the patient can be address. For developing a telehealth system, the telecommunication and information technology is largely used (Parmanto et al. 2013). Stakeholder Mapping Through Four Quadrants: Figure 1: Stakeholder Mapping of the Tele Health System (Source: Created by Author) Questionnaire: In order to identify the additional issues which are associated with the telehealth monitoring system specifically developed five questions will be asked to the users. The questions will be effective enough to support the purpose of the analysis. What are the functionalities that the patients feel that needs to be integrated within the telehealth service? What issues the patients face due to unavailability of the desired functionalities? What is the overall view of each stakeholder regarding the system? Is there any data access related issues that the users are facing? Is the telehealth service is up and running 24*7? Use Case Diagram of Telehealth Services: Comprehensive description of the use case diagram: The description of the use case diagram of the telehealth services has been provided in the following section with sufficient details. Registration: The patients register their name for the first time within the system. They get a unique key after registering their name (Hsieh, Tsai, Chih Lin, 2015, p. S192). Login: The patient log in to the system with the specific unique key and the password. After logging in to the system, the patients can access all the authorized data. Health information: All the information those are associated with the patient health which is stored in the data base along with the name and outcome of the tests (Cancela, Pastorino, Arredondo Hurtado, 2013, p. 7495). Beds: The status of all the beads those are available in the healthcare will be in the system. The status can be categorized into two phases such as occupied and free. The information of the beds will be available in real-time. Tests: The doctors suggest tests to the patients. The name and outcome along with all the relevant information which are associated with the test will be stored in terms of each patient (Hsieh, Tsai, Chih Lin, 2015, p. S192). Check-up: The data, time, illness, patient, doctor and many more information will be stored regarding check-up. Invoices: The patients will receive invoices against their treatment. All the invoices consist of unique identity key. The invoices will contain the name of the patient (Galiano et al., 2013, p. 1). Custom measurement: All the custom measurement of the patient health will be stored which can be accessed by the patient and the administrator. Legislation and Regulation: Every state, city, locality has its own rules. The rules have to be maintained by the health care service provider. The system takes into account the job of managing the services while following these legislations. The detailed description of the health information use case: The health information of the patient in terms of the system is stored in the electronic health record or EHR. It can be referred to the paper chart of the patient but in the digital version. The test, treatment, illness, assigned-bed, visiting doctor and many more patients diagnosis related information is stored in the electronic health record (Hsiao Hing, 2012, p. 5). In terms of storing the health information of the patient, the electronic medical records could be the option. As the electronic health record stores the treatment history of the patient along with all the other aspects of treatment, the EHR is a way better option for storing the health information of individual patient (Charles, Gabriel Furukawa, 2013, p. 6). There are several advantages of using the EHR. First, patient care can be improved. Second, the information will be available to the patient, doctor and the administration in real time. Third, it is a unique advantage as it refers to more participation from th e patient. Fourth, the practices become more effective and cost efficient. Instead of all the advantages of the EHR the technology has some issues which are harming the healthcare (Hsiao Hing, 2012, p. 5). The healthcare is facing some issues regarding privacy of the patient information. Currently the telehealth service users are facing the issue called data loss. This issues has made the user frustrated and disappointed on using the services. Functional requirements: In terms of the system the functional requirements are as following. Registration: The patients will be registering their name while using the service for the first time. A unique id will be provided to them through which they can access their information until the treatment ends. Login: In order to access the health related information, the patients must log in to the system with the unique key and password which they got at the time of registration. Checkout: If the patients treatment is competed or they do not intend to use the service any more, their authority to access the information is cancelled by deleting their account. If the patient was occupying a bed then bed will be added to the available bed. Report generation: The reports on the patient information is generated and provided to the administration and doctors. Database: All the relevant information of all the stakeholders is stored in the database. The patient information is updated with the as the treatment continues. Conclusion: From the above study it can be concluded that the telehealth service system is a sound solution for facilitating the process of the healthcare. However, the system is not working sufficiently. As per the requirement of the users of the telehealth service, the system has to be more effective and efficient. The system must be able to provide the information of the patient health without any data loss. The stakeholder mapping assisted in recognizing the factors that directly or indirectly affects the process of the telehealth service system. The use case case diagram was helpful in terms of identifying the relation of the stakeholders with the system. In addition to that, the use case diagram proved itself helpful for identifying various aspects of the system. The functional requirement described the portions which makes the system effective. References: Cancela, J., Pastorino, M., Arredondo, M. T., Hurtado, O. (2013). A telehealth system for Parkinson's disease remote monitoring. The PERFORM approach. In2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC)(pp. 7492-7495). IEEE. Charles, D., Gabriel, M., Furukawa, M. F. (2013). Adoption of electronic health record systems among US non-federal acute care hospitals: 2008-2012.ONC data brief,9, 1-9. Galiano-Castillo, N., Ariza-Garcia, A., Cantarero-Villanueva, I., Fernandez-Lao, C., Daz-Rodriguez, L., Legeren-Alvarez, M., ... Arroyo-Morales, M. (2013). Telehealth system (e-CUIDATE) to improve quality of life in breast cancer survivors: rationale and study protocol for a randomized clinical trial.Trials,14(1), 1. Hsiao, C. J., Hing, E. (2012).Use and Characteristics of Electronic Health Record Systems Among Office-Based Physician Practices, United States, 2001-2012(pp. 1-8). US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics. Hsieh, H. L., Tsai, C. H., Chih, W. H., Lin, H. H. (2015). Factors affecting success of an integrated community-based telehealth system.Technology and Health Care,23(s2), S189-S196. Parmanto, B., Pulantara, I. W., Schutte, J. L., Saptono, A., McCue, M. P. (2013). An integrated telehealth system for remote administration of an adult autism assessment.Telemedicine and e-Health,19(2), 88-94. Bibliography: Al-alshuhai, A., Siewe, F. (2015, November). An extension of the use case diagram to model context-aware applications. InSAI Intelligent Systems Conference (IntelliSys), 2015(pp. 884-888). IEEE. Cutrona, S. L., Sreedhara, M., Goff, S. L., Fisher, L. D., Preusse, P., Jackson, M., ... Mazor, K. M. (2016). Improving Rates of Influenza Vaccination Through Electronic Health Record Portal Messages, Interactive Voice Recognition Calls and Patient-Enabled Electronic Health Record Updates: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols,5(2). Jamoom, E., Beatty, P., Bercovitz, A., Woodwell, D., Palso, K., Rechtsteiner, E. (2012). Physician adoption of electronic health record systems: United States, 2011.NCHS data brief,98(July). Seidel, S., Recker, J. C., Vom Brocke, J. (2013). Sensemaking and sustainable practicing: functional affordances of information systems in green transformations.Management Information Systems Quarterly,37(4), 1275-1299. Singh, A., Sharma, E. S. (2014). Functional Test Cases Generation Based on Automated Generated Use Case Diagram. Sweeney, J. C., Danaher, T. S., McColl-Kennedy, J. R. (2015). Customer effort in value cocreation activities improving quality of life and behavioral intentions of health care customers.Journal of Service Research, 1094670515572128. Tiller, R. (2014). OCEAN CERTAIN FP7-ENV-2013.6. 1-1 Project number 603773 Deliverable 6.4 Report on the Stakeholder mapping and database. Van den Bogaert, S., Declercq, J., Van Leuven, S., Christiaens, T., Biltereyst, D., Bracke, P. (2015). Pharmaceuticals as solution for health problems: a stakeholder perspective. In29th European conference on Philosophy of Medicine and Health Care.

Effects Of The Millenium Dome On Tourism Tourism Essay Example

Effects Of The Millenium Dome On Tourism Tourism Essay 1 Introduction: Many undertakings all round the universe has built and designed through schemes and for different aims. For illustration, the Eiffel tower in Paris was built for the universe exhibition of 1889. The aim of this construction was to demo the universe how France has improved in engineering and beauty. Another illustration is the Sydney Opera House, after the Second World War the Australians realized that the state needs a world-class opera house to increase their repute ( A position on citation ) . The same thing happened in London, when British Prime Minister Tony Blair agreed the program to work the new millenary to construct an building for the state in this juncture. Therefore, they call it The Millennium Dome. Project Management stages were used in those undertakings. The Millennium Dome besides passed through the Project Management phases which all undertakings should go through through it to make their ends. These stages are concept, feasibleness, undertaking definition, development, production, operation and expiration. This called The Project Life Cycle. The Millennium Dome faced different environmental issues, besides jobs which slowed the attack of making the aims which will be discussed in this study. This study will exemplify how to get the better of these jobs and get by with several sorts of undertakings environment. However, to find these troubles, really elaborate information demand to be mentioned within the study. This information will be collected from different resources such as cyberspace, picture, media, diaries and books. 2 Concept: Although, the thought of the Millennium Dome saw the visible radiation when John Major s authorities considered constructing a construction to tag the new millenary, It had non existed before the election of the British President Tony Blair took topographic point. After that the authorities agreed the execution and made it in his precedences. They started be aftering the undertaking in 1997. Therefore, they had four old ages for the undertaking to be done ( Carling A ; Seely, 1998 ) . The purpose was really clear as it mentioned before to construct a construction which tantrum with the millenary juncture. Besides, breathe life and activity to an country of London, located in the south-east of the capital called Greenwich. 3 Feasibility: We will write a custom essay sample on Effects Of The Millenium Dome On Tourism Tourism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Effects Of The Millenium Dome On Tourism Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Effects Of The Millenium Dome On Tourism Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To get down large undertakings there are some issues need to be thought about and taken into consideration like the location, where to construct this construction. Furthermore, the most of import thing before get downing a undertaking is to see the feasibleness of the undertaking and whether it can be done in the current fortunes. Who are the stakeholders? What are the critical success factors? When it should be finished? Besides, when it should be ready to host visitants? The fiscal issues should be discussed and from where it will be provided? Who is traveling to put to death this undertaking? Does he hold sufficient experience and the necessary factors for success to set about this undertaking? Are his old undertakings and their successes show how expert is he? What are the preliminary hazards? Is at that place adequate clip and budget to near the coveted public presentation? Besides, believing about a preliminary rating of option in instance something happened before, during or a fter the executing. The so Prim Minister Tony Blair said the dome would be a symbol of British assurance and escapade. By giving the green visible radiation for get downing the Millennium Dome in 1997, the deadline clip for the undertaking was known at the terminal of the twelvemonth 1999. Then looking for the optimum location has been started. It will be on the Greenwich peninsula in the south E of London. The support for this undertaking has been ensured by the authorities and from three committees. First, the Millennium Commission which funded the Millennium Dome Project of ?649 1000000s in entire. Second, sponsorship estimated income ?175 1000000s for 14 zones. Last, the 12 1000000s paying visitants was the estimated figure of visitants which faced resistances and described as ambitious expected figure. ( GENERAL, 2000 ) 4 Definition: The Millennium Dome Project was implemented by a major attempt from the undertaking organisation which was being supervised by the British Government. This organisation was composed of The New Millennium Experience Company ( NMEC ) this organisation was given the duty to run the millenary experience. This company was established by the authorities in February 1997, therefore it is owned by the authorities. Besides, edifice and runing the Millennium Dome. English Partnerships, the responsibility of this company was to pull off the competition for the hereafter usage of the Millennium Dome. In add-on, to give advises to the curates on competition s issues and information that they need to do determinations on the hereafter of the Dome. Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions ( DETR ) was responsible to command and ease the issues related to these facets. The Millennium Commission, it was established in 1994 under the national lottery to fund and back up the communities to observe the 3rd millenary. The responsible for museums, galleries, libraries, the heritage, the humanistic disciplines, athleticss, instruction, broadcast medium, the media and touristry for the Millennium was The Department for Culture, Media and Sport ( DCMS ) . Finally, The National Audit Office ( NAO ) who have to present a study to the parliament about the authorities money, how and where it is spent ( who s who? ) . The authorities and these sections formed The Millennium Dome Project Organization. This type of organisations called Matrix Organizations which allow the undertaking director to concentrate on the undertaking and the undertaking work merely every bit in a undertaking organisation. The undertaking squad is free to concentrate on the undertaking objectives with minimum distractions from the functional section ( Heldman, Baca, A ; Jansen, 2007 ) . This undertaking focused on three chief stakeholders. Tourism, were the most of import manner for acquiring benefits from the undertaking by the paying visitants whether from inside or outside the state. The authorities which was oversing the undertaking. Besides, they were besides interested in how the undertaking attracts tourers and how it reflects the image of the state. In add-on, the patrons were of import for the Undertaking and the advertizement. The Millennium Experience was wanted to be attractive, inspirational, entertaining, educational and involved visitants and participants. Besides, seeks to consolidate the state s location between the peoples of the universe. Besides there were more aims for the company to be done such as, to present the undertaking in specific clip and within an estimated budget to construct and run the Dome. The Government ensured to fund the undertaking if any jobs appeared. This measure came after they failed to pull private backup for the proposed undertaking. It was funded by private sponsorship such as British Airways, National Lottery grants were provided by the Millennium Commission, a non-departmental public organic structure chaired by the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport and admission tickets. 12 million of visits should be achieved by the terminal of the twelvemonth 2000, which is the estimated figure of visitants. Value for money should be delivered to the Millennium Commi ssion, patrons and paying visitants. Best utilizing of British and international originative endowment and the latest art of engineering should be made in this juncture ( The Dome: Who runs it? ) . 5 Execution: The undertaking started in 1997, the involved committees were runing harmonizing to the program, budget and schemes which developed by the implemented company NMEC. Finally, The Millennium Dome Project has finished and opened his Gatess on clip. It is the largest single-roofed construction in the universe. It besides has become one of the United Kingdom s most recognizable landmarks. However, positions differed on whether the undertaking is successful or non. However, to cognize that, analyzing whether the undertaking has succeeded in carry throughing the demands and aims for which it was conducted within the clip agreed upon and the estimated costs and the quality of public presentation which pleased the undertaking s stakeholders. The reply seems varies depending on which stakeholder was asked ( Ammar, 2007 ) . Content has been showed by people who visited the Millennium celebrations, whilst it did non pleased the imperativeness and termed it a failure. However, as a undertaking di rector looking to the three chief facets Time, Cost and Quality is the right manner to knock a undertaking. 6 Success: The Millennium Dome as edifice is impressive as it is considered the largest individual roof construction in the universe. Despite its size, the air contained within the edifice is heavier than the roof itself. The Dome is subdivided into 14 zones. Each zone contains different life facets such as instruction, finance, journey, amusement and religion. ( Ammar, 2007 ) There is no uncertainty about naming The Millennium Dome Project a successful in footings of clip. Opening on clip was a major accomplishment it self. Very big figure of paying visitants was attracted to the Dome, by June the record for 1999 ( 2.65 million ) for a UK pay-to-visit attractive force has been beaten. A recent study showed that the satisfaction was shown on 87 % of the visitants with their visit and 86 % were satisfied with the provided services by the Dome s hosts ( GENERAL, 2000 ) . Construction of the undertaking in the Greenwich peninsula country has breathed life and activity back to the country after being for a period of clip one of the most contaminated country in Europe because of a gasworks had contaminated the dirt up to a deepness of 14 metres ( Millennium Dome Construction ) . 7 Failure: 7.1 Fiscal Failure: The Millennium Dome undertaking was one of the most controversial public works undertakings of all time undertaken. The authorities has been accused of blowing money on the undertaking for a big figure of grounds in footings of fiscal issues and different facets of quality. The undertaking started confronting problems when it was refused to be funded by the private companies motivating the authorities to make up ones mind to set about it through the lottery money.The estimated budget from lottery of the Millennium Dome Project was ?399 1000000s in 1997, and the existent budget was ?630 1000000s by the terminal of September 2000 which is about twice the estimated budget ( Over budget? The Dome s non entirely , 2000 ) . A 2000 National Audit Office study declared that The Millennium Commission made four extra grants to the NMEC during the twelvemonth 2000. ?60 1000000s in February, ?29 in May, ?43 in August and ?47 in September. This monolithic addition caused by the incorrect estimated figure of visitants and their gross. 12 1000000s paying visitants was the estimated figure while the existent figure of visitants was 6.5 1000000s. It is clear that the NMEC was depending on the visitants gross for the Dome operating processes. Another ground for the dramatic grant addition was the sponsorship gross. In fact the company expected to pull ?175 1000000s in sponsorship for 14 zones. However, the company decreased its prognosis to ?122 1000000s for 12 zones due to the lake of patrons. For these ground they asked for more grants from the Millennium Commission. ( GENERAL, 2000 ) During the operating of the Dome and subsequently there were care procedures, and because of the monolithic size of the edifice and the really latest engineering used there besides the sort of visitants and equipments, the care cost was ?28.4 1000000s after it was closed in the twelvemonth 2001. Therefore, and after this add-on on the old entire cost of 2000, the entire cost of 2001 become ?786 1000000s. Furthermore, the existent income for the company in 2000 was ?189 1000000s about half the estimated income with ? 359 1000000s ( Dome cost continues to gyrate, 2002 ) . Thus, after all this grounds the right people to depict the Millennium Dome as a waste of money. 7.2 Quality: 7.2.1 Quality of planning: The rules of hazard direction to inquire yourself some inquiries What If? if something unsteadily happened. Then the other inquiry should be Then What? . These inquiries should hold been asked by the Millennium Dome Organization but it seems to be ignored. What if the estimated figure of visitants was excessively optimistic? which has happened. Then what shall we make if this happened? .Millennium Dome operating ended with the terminal of the twelvemonth 2000, once more the inquiry Once the Millennium jubilations ended, so what? ( Ammar, 2007 ) . Furthermore, The inquiry that the imperativeness has asked it and the organisation should hold asked is After the twelvemonth 2000 and the Millennium Dome has become history, What it may make for London . If these inquiries were asked at the definition stage of the Millennium Dome Project, it would be emerged better than it appeared, and avoided many of the fiscal disablement, which make it in the eyes of the people a failure. These inquiries which seem non to be discussed lead us to a point. Are the staff of the Millennium Dome Organization have adequate experiences? In the early yearss of the gap, there was a clear lake of direction when 1000s of visitants were made to stand outside in the cold queuing for tickets or failed to have their tickets through the station. In position of the direction troubles that appeared in the early yearss of the gap, a Vice- President of Euro Disney with short experience was appointed to replace the so main executive ( GENERAL, 2000 ) . There were besides transits jobs making the Dome. The Jubilee Line has an extension to ease the entree to the north Greenwich peninsula, the execution of the Jubilee Line cost ?1.2 billion over the budget and it was delayed for 14 months. In add-on, after the opining of the station in May 1999 some installations were still uncomplete, including handicapped entree ( Millennium Dome ) . 7.2.2 Quality of direction: The disadvantages of the Matrix organisation affected the Millennium Dome managing procedure. It was clear that the complex organisational agreements complicated the undertaking of pull offing the undertaking. Harmonizing to the National Audit Office that during the scrutiny it has become clear that the parties were non agree among themselves on the portion of decision-making and treatments. These caused by varies issues from each committee. For illustration, the authorities made the five cardinal committednesss for the Dome in 1997 that covered cost, content, effectual direction, national impact and what should be done to the Dome after the terminal of the Millennium jubilation. All these committednesss were the duty of the stockholder, the proprietor of the company. From the company s 22 meetings since August 1999, the stakeholder has attended 16 of the meetings and been represented at two of those which he did non go to personally. ( GENERAL, 2000 ) The Millennium Commission was lacked of power to implement the Dome. For this ground, the authorities has established the MNEC and the Commission s duties were to O.K. the company s programs and budget, supervise the advancement in edifice and runing the Dom, and do lottery grants for the company. After that, the company s finance has been reviewed by advisers appointed by the committee due to the addition of the cost. The advisers suggested to the Commission 8 1000000s as a figure of visitants and reported that the estimated figure of the visitants made by the company was exaggerated. However, the company ignored the suggestion and went with its appraisal. ( GENERAL, 2000 ) The lake of direction experiences and the hapless construction of the organisation affected the organisation itself. Get downing from February 2000 the company had to do major alterations at senior degrees. The Chief Executive and Accounting Officer left the Company and was replaced. In May, the so non-executive Chairman resigned. In September, the replacement stepped down, of his petition, to the place of Vice-Chairman, and an Executive Chairman was appointed. Besides, A new Finance Director was besides appointed. These alterations have raised the entire cost by telling extra grants from the Commission ( GENERAL, 2000 ) . This sort of Instability did non do alterations merely on the degree of persons. Whilst in 2001, the company was liquidated and the authorities bureau English Partnerships took the ownership of the edifice. In 2004, the Meridian Delta Ltd bought the Dome and 170 estates on the Greenwich peninsula to make a 26,000 capacity sphere and develop the environing country, including constructing 10,000 new places and making 24,000 occupations ( Millennium Dome ) . 8 Monitoring and Controlling: The Comptroller and Auditor General, Sir John Bourn said the New Millennium Experience Company has experienced terrible fiscal troubles this twelvemonth and has required considerable extra lottery support. The chief cause of these troubles is the failure to accomplish the visitant Numberss and income required. The marks were extremely ambitious and inherently hazardous taking to a important grade of fiscal exposure on the undertaking . ( Press Release The Millennium Dome, 2000 ) The incorrect appraisal of the budget and the visitants figure supports the thought that the leaders of the Millennium organisation were inexperienced. The determination to be after on the footing of 12 million visitants meant that the Dome had to pull four times as many visitants as the following most popular UK pay-to-visit attractive force achieved in 1999 by Alton Towers. It is clear that is impossible to accomplish this difference in one twelvemonth. From the early months of the gap of the Dome, it was clear from the figures that the estimated figure of visitants will non be achieved. For illustration, in January 344.620 people visited the dome which is tantamount to 3 % of the original one-year mark. In add-on, the attractive force of the visitants made ?189m while the company forecasted income was ?359m and the ticket monetary values were reduced by up to 50 % in a concluding effort to change by reversal the go oning slack in visitant Numberss ( Dome cost continues to gyrate, 2002 ) . All the figures were demoing that there is an administrational job at the organisation in several degrees which should be easy realized. The experts of the undertakings that the Millennium Commission has funded said that as is the instance with the Millennium Dome there are besides undertakings carried out by the Commission failed. Such as The Portsmouth Spinnaker and the many other undertakings funded by the UK lottery. From this information it can be concluded that the monitoring and commanding section in the Millennium Commission was really weak. 9 Pull offing uncertainness: In February 1999 the Company s Board agreed to let free entree to the Dome for up to one million schoolchildren. The Company claimed that this determination will increase the Losingss by ?7 million. In 1998 it was known in progress that the Millennium Dome will be presented for sale after the terminal of the jubilation for the hereafter usage. In July 2000 Ministers selected Dome Europe plc as the preferable bidder. However, in September Dome Europe withdrew. Then dialogues with other parties started once more. At the terminal of 2001, a development company was selected to turn the millenary dome into an indoor athleticss sphere and to develop its environing country into a complex that includes residential, shopping, and concern facilities.A The edifice itself has been renamed into O2 as portion of its renovation ( GENERAL, 2000 ) .A By looking at these unsure jobs and how the company and the organisation acted with it. The ground for the failure of this undertaking will be known. Sing to the schoolchildren, being runing a museum or a national topographic points such visits or these sorts of people should be expected. Besides, understanding with more than one company or at least their files and offers after the first dialogue should be existed to do the resolution procedure easier. 10 Decision: The English authorities has experienced The Millennium Dome and they seem to be learned from it. The BBC political letter writer says the authorities has taken a large hazard and many of its protagonists believe the money would be better spent on instruction and the wellness service ( Blair defends Millenium Dome, 1998 ) . On the other manus, the so dainty curate Tony Blair eventually admits that it had failed to run into public outlooks. Michael Heseltine, the politician who commissioned the Dome admits that it should non hold been built.A This experience will take into consideration in the 2012 Olympic Games.

Steve Brodie and the Brooklyn Bridge

Steve Brodie and the Brooklyn Bridge One of the enduring legends about the early years of the Brooklyn Bridge was a wildly famous  incident which may never have happened. Steve Brodie, a character from  the Manhattan neighborhood adjacent to the bridge, claimed to have jumped from its roadway, splashed into the East River from a height of 135 feet, and survived. Whether Brodie actually jumped on July 23, 1886, has been disputed for years. Yet the story was widely believed at the time, and the sensationalist newspapers of the day put the stunt  on their front pages. Reporters provided extensive details about Brodie’s preparations, his rescue in the river, and his time spent in a police station following the jump. It all seemed quite credible. Brodies leap came a year after another jumper from the bridge, Robert Odlum, died after hitting the water. So the feat had been assumed to be impossible. Yet a month after Brodie claimed to have jumped, another neighborhood character, Larry Donovan, jumped from the bridge while thousands of spectators watched. Donovan survived, which at least proved that what Brodie claimed to have done was possible. Brodie and Donovan became locked in a peculiar competition to see who could jump off other bridges. The rivalry ended two years later when Donovan was killed jumping from a bridge in England. Brodie lived for another 20 years and became something of a tourist attraction himself. He ran a bar in lower Manhattan and visitors to New York City would visit to shake the hand of the man who had jumped from the Brooklyn Bridge. Brodies Famous Jump The news accounts of Brodies jump detailed how he had been planning the jump. He said his motivation was to make money. And stories on  the front pages of both the   New York Sun and New York Tribune provided extensive details of Brodies activities before and after the jump. After arranging with friends to pick him up in the river in a rowboat, he hitched a ride onto the bridge in a horse-drawn wagon.   While in the middle of the bridge Brodie got out of the wagon. With some makeshift padding under his clothes, he stepped off from a point about 135 feet above the East River. The only people expecting Brodie to jump were his friends in the boat, and no impartial witnesses claimed to have seen what happened. The popular version of the story was that he landed feet first, sustaining only minor bruises. After his friends pulled him into the  boat and returned him to shore there was a celebration. A policeman came along and arrested Brodie, who appeared to be intoxicated.  When the newspaper reporters caught up with him, he was relaxing in a jail cell. Brodie appeared in court on a few occasions but no serious legal problems resulted from his stunt. And he did cash in on his sudden fame. He began appearing in dime museums, telling his story to gawking visitors. Donovans Leap A month after Brodies famous jump, a worker in a lower Manhattan print shop showed up at the office of the New York Sun on a Friday afternoon. He said he was Larry Donovan (though the Sun claimed his last name was actually Degnan)  and he was going to jump from the Brooklyn Bridge the next morning. Donovan claimed he had been offered money by the Police Gazette, a popular publication, and was going to ride onto the bridge in one of their delivery wagons. And he would jump with plenty of witnesses to the feat. Good to his word, Donovan did jump from the bridge on Saturday morning, August 28, 1886. Word had been passed around his neighborhood, the Fourth Ward, and rooftops were crowded with spectators. The New York Sun described the event on the front page of Sundays paper: He was steady and cool, and with his feet close together he leaped straight out into the great space before him. For about 100 feet he shot straight downward as he had leaped, his body erect and his legs tight together. Then he bent slightly forward, his legs spread a little apart and bent at the knees. In this position he struck the water with a splash that sent the spray high in the air and was heard from the bridge and on both sides of the river. After his friends picked him up in a boat, and he was rowed to shore, he was, like Brodie, arrested. He was also soon free.  But,  unlike Brodie, he did not want to display himself in the dime museums of the Bowery. A few months later, Donovan traveled to Niagara Falls. He jumped off the suspension bridge there on November 7, 1886. He broke a rib, but survived. Less than a year after his leap from the Brooklyn Bridge, Donovan died after jumping from the Southeastern Railway bridge in London, England. The New York Sun reported his demise on the front page, noting that while the bridge in England was not as high as the Brooklyn Bridge, Donovan had actually drowned in the Thames. Later Life of Steve Brodie Steve Brodie claimed to have jumped from the suspension bridge at Niagara Falls three years after his purported Brooklyn Bridge leap. But his story was immediately doubted. Whether or not Brodie had jumped from the Brooklyn Bridge, or any bridge, didnt seem to matter. He was a New York celebrity, and people wanted to meet him. After years of running a saloon, he became ill and went to live with a daughter in Texas. He died there in 1901.

Religion and philosophy of Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Religion and philosophy of Asia - Essay Example The beliefs are known to create a significant link between the way in which politics form as well as the traditions and rituals that become a part of a specific country. The concept of building a social identity is one which is based on the belief system, which begins with the individual and familial concepts of what it means to belong to a specific culture.This is followed by the cultural identity that is accepted in the mainstream and which creates a specific response when different events occur. The belief system then begins to reflect how society should respond as well as what is expected with the main functions of the government, all which change the main functions of each region. The main belief system which began to change Asia was the growth of Buddhism that spread throughout China, Korea and other parts of Asia. The knowledge which was received about Buddhism created specific types of understanding and belief related to superhuman achievements and being able to overcome specific situations through the practice. This also dictated different laws. The trend which grew from this emerged with different intellectual groups as well as monks that began to practice the different belief systems and which developed into the political mainstream to offer guidance about overcoming and achieving different parts of life with the belief system in place. The beliefs of the culture could then be focused on the virtue and main application of laws that were a part of Buddhism and the political powers.

Preservationist and liberationist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Preservationist and liberationist - Essay Example Looking at this solution with regards to the sedan issue, making moral decisions using the preservationist mode seems to be both plausible and reasonable. As stated by Unger, majority of persons would aid the birdwatcher in spite of any loss financially in order for him not to lose his limb. There is further proof for this sentiment from the class discussion as the majority of the class agrees that, helping the man would be the best solution in spite of the damage that would befall the sedan. Most people would not think twice with regards to aiding the man who is admitted to the hospital; if the man is bleeding in front of them in utter agony. However, when considering the UNICEF envelope, the preservationist solution will not fare so well and the liberationist view is the best. As stated by Unger, many people are likely to throw the envelope away sans any second thoughts. This would be their initial instinctive response, and they would not have any second thoughts (Nadelhoffer et al 42). However, majority would agree that, through the use of moral standards, it is imperative to help those who are hungry in the same way as one would help the man who is about to lose a limb. Human nature pushes people to respond to problems that are right in front of them, whereas duties that are more abstract in their responsibility, especially moral are shunned and fall by the wayside. People are not bothered by the images of children dying from starvation when they make a decision, which looks seemingly easy not to help the starving children. While the first reaction and intuition has the ability to influence one’s decision, they do not count as wholly responsible for the manner in which people are able to make their moral decisions (Nadelhoffer et al 42). Peter Unger has liberationist tendencies, and it is clear to see his point that everyone has moral obligations to aid other people (Nadelhoffer et al 45). However, I tend to agree with the liberationist model more. I n my opinion, people are not wholly able to ascribe to a single uniform code of morality. Morality is a subjective issue and different individuals possess various reasons for behaving in the manner in a manner that they deem to be morally responsible. When considering what being moral really entails, as well as the specific reason that human beings need to a ct in a way that is moral. Every person has a philosophy of his or her own (Nadelhoffer et al 45). While the liberationist model specifically addresses a particular manner of behavior, the preservationist model addresses the differing opinions regarding morality. The preservationist view refers to the idea that ideas that differ are the morals of the individual, whereas the liberationist view states that there is a certain way of behavior that is the same in all situations (Nadelhoffer et al 46). In reality, it is my opinion that humans all react in a preservationist manner because they are a species that is selfish. Therefore, in making an analysis of the puzzles that Unger presents, the liberationist view is the best and most moral way of responding, although most people do not choose to respond in this manner. While looking at the two scenarios, it is best to explain why a person using the liberationist view is the one who is most moral and respectful of basic and fundamental human rights. Without any hesitation, the immediate reaction was to

Hildegard's Spirit-Filled, Visionary Music Term Paper

Hildegard's Spirit-Filled, Visionary Music - Term Paper Example Some people live such extraordinary lives that their death doesn’t particularly slow the spread of their influence at all. Hildegard Von Bingen was such a person, and music was central to her experience and to her identity. In fact, she referred to herself as a tone from the tuba of God (Phillips 59). This paper aims to provide some insight into her life, and to discuss the impact her music has had on both secular and sacred music that followed. She was born in Bermersheim, near Alzey, in the summer of 1098, to a noble family. She had her first visionary experience before the age of five, and furthermore was not a healthy child. Her parents dedicated her to the religious life at age eight (Flanagan 2) She was enclosed in the cell of a pious, recluse noble woman, Jutta, where she spent most of her days in prayer. (3). More girls were also enclosed there, and by the time Hildegard was age 13 or 14, the cell had grown into a Benedictine convent, attached to a monastery (3). Jutta died when Hildegard was 38, and Hildegard subsequently was chosen to take over the leadership of the convent. Up to that time, Hildegard had continued to see visions, but had learned at an early age not to speak of them to anyone, to avoid embarrassment. She told only Jutta and later her teacher (3). At age 42, Hildegard had a mystical vision in which she suddenly accessed the meanings of all scripture and was told to write and publicize what she heard and understood. She resisted at first, out of low self esteem and humility, but her resistance caused her to become very ill. Her illness only left her when she was finally able to write (4). She spent 10 years writing her first visionary work. During this time, Hildegard announced that God had instructed her to move her convent away from the monastery. The monks resisted, for reasons of finance and reputation, wanting to retain control over Hildegard, as an asset (5). She received papal permission and authority, once the church esta blished that her visions were authentic and that the Holy Spirit was revealing truths to her. She took her nuns to the place indicated in her vision, and she wrote three major volumes of revealed visionary information, left correspondence and other writings and art, and innumerable musical compositions, which are appreciated today (5). Although she suffered from health problems throughout her life, still she was a successful author, composer, artist, mystic, religious leader, visionary-prophetess, correspondent, abbess, teacher, rebel, scholar and healer, and she died at a ripe old age. One theory about her illness, a feminist explanation, is that it was a result of her struggle to find her own voice (Grant and Bingen). After all, she had been given away by her parents and grew up in a restrictive locked cell with a woman who spent her days in prayer and chanting. She had visions, some rather frightening, with dark and monstrous beings and explosions of blinding light, which she had to mostly keep to herself, to avoid embarrassment, Her health was delicate, a fact not conducive to claiming her own power, and consequently her own voice. She was creative and talented, artistically and intellectually gifted, but she was under the authority of monks and male church leaders who upheld the most stringent male-dominated values and norms of an extremely patriarchal society. Her most personal self-expression required papal permission. An alternative interpretation of the meaning of her illness and visions is offered by Dr. Charles Singer a founder of modern scholarship in the history of medicine and science, from a century ago. He thoroughly analyzed Hildegard’s writings and offered the opinion that they were likely her interpretations of the auras and visual distortions that can come with migraine headaches (Singer 78) and that her illness would likely be considered to be

Reading for Pleasure Importance

Reading for Pleasure Importance It is important to read as it can improve childrens language use and by reading for pleasure they can adapt to the language easily. According to Reyhene (1998) children who read for pleasure could somehow improve their language skills unconsciously and automatically. Besides that, Bignold (2003) pointed out that the reading habit could enhance or improve childrens reading skills. Therefore, the main issue of reading is that it helps to expand young peoples experiences and knowledge (Green, 2002). Children not only can expand their knowledge but they can also cultivate reading habits for lifelong learning (Pandian Ibrahim, 1997). It is usually being recommended that reading behavior should start at an early age and conducive reading environment plays an important role in order to stimulate lifelong reading (Pandian, 1997; Anderson, 1982; Winebrenner, 1971; Sanacore, 1990; Krashen, 1996). The exposure to reading for pleasure could help the children in many ways and it can increase or improve their reading achievement. Reading materials appear important for the development of reading comprehension such as reading fluency, or the ability to read text quickly and accurately (Chall, 1996; LaBerge Samuels, 1974; Stanovich, 1986), and learning many vocabulary because children are more likely to encounter new words by reading rather than from their daily conversation (Hayes Ahrens, 1988). Reading could increase childrens background knowledge that could help to assist future growth in reading comprehension (Stanovich, 2000). 2.2 TEACHERS ROLE Teachers play an important role where they could be described as the one who can instill intrinsic motivation to read among the students. Cole (1999) recommended that in order to motivate students to do pleasure reading, a teacher must be motivated to discover their students literacy personalities. Cole (1999) also talks about the role of librarian teachers who could offer the students with an enormous variety of books on various topics, levels and genre to capture the interest of students in reading. Students will have the interest to read if the librarian teachers could provide books according to the four stages of reading development such as building fluency, reading for pleasure, reading to learn and mature reading (Gillet Temple, 1994; Fong, 1997). According to Abeyrathna Zainab (2004), teachers could help inculcate the reading habit by giving students the experience of reading under guidance such as helping students to select materials based on their interests. Students are usually motivated to read by adults and take the adults as their reading model. Parents would be in the first rank, teachers would be in the second rank and librarians would be the third choice in being the students reading model (Hughes-Hassell and Lutz 2006). Most of the students are motivated to read usually because of the parental and home influences. Teachers should never take for granted that reading potential of students can happen anywhere although they come from an environment where reading is not valued (Duncan, 2010). Teachers can have strong and lasting effects on students reading attitudes and practices (Pitcher et al. 2007). Teachers must adopt an enthusiastic attitude toward reading and openly discuss their personal reading lives with students. In the class, teachers can have sharing book recommendation or just mention a recent enjoyable reading experience that could help change the perceptions and beliefs of nonreaders. The main problem is that most teach ers do not do reading for pleasure. Nathanson, Pruslow, and Levitt (2008) found that most graduate education students viewed reading as important, yet many were disinterested and did not engage in regular personal reading. Teachers cant expect students to be excited about reading if they themselves are not personally engaged in reading for pleasure (Duncan, 2010). 2.3 ROLES OF LIBRARIES AND LIBRARIANS This is the part where the roles of the library are being stressed and the environment of the library plays an important role. Every classroom should have a classroom library collection that can be filled from the main library collection. It is easy to access and at the same time could encourage and motivate students to read (Gniewek, 1998). The school librarians are the ones who should provide a richer collection by having latest books and knowing the students reading preferences. According to Abeyrathna Zainab (2004), students are not happy with the library collection when it comes to reading for pleasure. There were a vast differences on the books that the students need and the books that was available for them to read. It is suggested that to solve the problem, the school library should have borrowed some books from the public library for teaching and reading needs. This could help financially for the school and obtaining reading materials that students are interested in. In Thailand, a study was carried out about the roles of libraries. According to Somsong (1999), the roles of libraries, librarians and library programs play an important role in helping to stimulate and develop reading interests among students. There are lots of studies that indicated that children who are in schools that have libraries and librarians read a lot often compared to children who attended schools that have libraries but no librarians to guide them (Lance, 1994; Lance, Rodney and Hamilton-Pennell, 2000). It is important to have librarians in the library as they can help provide resources for the students regarding their reading preferences. They can help children search for the books that students prefer easily by organizing the books according to its genre which will trigger the students interest (Whelan, 2004). Reading can also be integrated with electronics such as reading e-mails and journals from the internet (Pandian, 1997). Libraries should have equipped with electronics such as computers and internet connection to provide the latest issue or information (Whelan, 2004). Librarians should renew their effort in guiding and tutoring the children for the usage of the libraries to stimulate and to promote positive attitude towards using the library for leisure reading (Chai, 1996). A warmth feeling of librarians who welcome readers to read in the library could help in stimulating students to read more. In Sri Lanka, the National Library and Documentation Service Board (NLDB) carried out a survey in 2002 and found the following situations; reading habits of students was poor due to the condition of the school libraries that was not encouraging as the book collections were old and most students read light materials such as magazines, novels, comic books and newspapers (Abeyrathna Zainab, 2004). 2.4 PARENTS ROLE Parents play an important role in order to reinforce the childs reading habit and interest (Cole, 1999). The first teacher for reading are the parents as they are the role models for their children and this apply to the interest in reading either to gain knowledge or for pleasure. According to De Medina (1976), who studied 50 families in Brazil, reading only occurred when there is a place to read at home, if the adults bought books and also if there is someone who guides the children to read often at home. There is another study which supports that home does influence reading among children. According to Kathers (1996), the study is on the children who were active in participating in extracurricular activities or have children that perform well on their reading test and have parents who were actively involved in school activities (Goldenberg, 1992). Home environment did influence ninth grade students attitude towards reading. Home environment can be included when a child is used to being read to, having a public library use, receive books as gifts, large personal and parental book collection and have subscriptions to magazines (Abeyrathna Zainab, 2004). Parents who are readers can encourage reading for pleasure among their children but it will be reduced once the child grew older (Demise, 2001). College students do not need parental encouragement as they usually read for pleasure. Besides that, they also do not need their educational status to make it as a leisure reading habits (Blackwood, 1991). Parents who create a pleasant atmosphere that fosters reading by providing space, reading materials, encouragement and example will endorse their children the love for reading (Pandian, 1997; Greaney, 1996). 2.5 ATTITUDES ABOUT READING There are two motivations that could encourage students to read for pleasure. The first one would be individuals feelings about reading. Alexander and Filler (1976) stated that the feelings of the reader can be influenced by involving themselves in reading, thus attitudes about reading should relate to individuals. The theory of information pickup suggests that perception depends completely upon information in the stimulus array rather than atmosphere that are influenced by cognition. According to Gibson, perception is an express outcome of the properties of the environment and does not engage in any form of sensory processing. Information pickup theory stresses that perception requires a lively organism. The act of perception depends upon an interaction involving the organism and the environment. All perceptions are made in reference to body position and functions (proprioception). Awareness of the environment derives from how it reacts to our movements (Gibson, 1977). The second motivation is childrens interest in reading. Researchers have looked into the interest that affects comprehension. Schiefele (1996) found that college students who were interested in the text materials used in the study understood those materials more deeply than did students who were less interested in the materials, even when the students prior knowledge of the materials and general intelligence were controlled. In studies of fifth and sixth graders, Renninger (1992) found that interest in the materials enhanced comprehension, even of materials that were quite difficult for the children (although there were some gender differences in these patterns). Thus interest in reading appears to be an important motivational variable influencing different aspects of reading performance. 2.6 REASONS STUDENTS DO NOT READ FOR PLEASURE One of the main reasons students do not read for pleasure is because of the technologies. According to Gunasekara (2002), there are three major hindrances to the promotion of reading habits. It includes preference to chat using the computer, listening to the radio and preference for television viewing. There are also some students who liked to read and considered themselves readers but did not take the time to read regularly or update their knowledge. This does not mean that they are reluctant to read but they gave priority to other activities such as sports, social life and school work (Abeyrathna Zainab, 2004). 2.7 ACADEMIC READING PURPOSE Most reading was done mainly for examination purposes (Abeyrathna Zainab, 2004). Students usually read to prepare for examination. A recent Malaysian survey on the reading behavior of 22,400 individuals and 6,050 households by the Ministry of Education revealed that only 20 per cent of Malaysians read regularly (Pandian, 2001). This review (New Straits Times, 29 August, 1996) further stressed that the small figure includes students who read just to pass exams. In Malaysia, the students associate reading with academic tasks and not for knowledge or pleasure most of the time (Sunday Star, May 26, 1991). By doing this, it does not enable students who can read to use the activity in a significant way for self or social development (Pandian, 1997). The main hindrance on reading for pleasure is the excessive concern of students with reading textbook for examination purposes. Students will regard reading to pursuit knowledge in preparing for the examination as the main purpose of reading and they will never realize the importance of reading for pleasure or enjoyment (Abeyrathna Zainab, 2004). 2.8 TECHNOLOGIES AND COMMUNICATION Public awareness has been haggard to the rising crisis of non-reading among Malaysians especially among the Malaysian students. Readership behavior here refers to reading skills and enthusiasm to read for information and leisure as well as reading practices that appoint different prints and audio-visual contents, such as newspapers, magazines, non-textbooks and informative material of various multimedia (Pandian, 2001). The cultivation of reading habits is also inclined by a series of other factors like exposure to media and computers. We live in an era where technologies are the center of everything and we tend to be occupied by it. One study investigating the media exposure among young people in the Klang Valley has observed that in a week these young people spend about 14.6 hours on television, 3.4 hours on video, 4.1 hours on computer, 16.3 hours on radio, 7.11 hours on newspapers and 4.7 hours on books and comics (The Star, May 8, 1997). The above findings advocate that the visu al representation is becoming arguably more significant than the printed word (Pandian Ibrahim, 1997). This proves that Malaysians spend more time on technologies rather than having the printed materials to read. Reading reluctance happens when a generation who can read chooses not to read. This situation can lead to generating more reluctant readers. The term reluctant readers refer to the people who can read but do not read. The focus on reading is critical given the growth of communications technology and the adjustment of reality we tackle in modern societies. In order to make reading more meaningful, it is important for young people to learn not only to read but nurture reading behavior for lifelong learning. There are many new forms of reading texts such as mass and multimedia but it does not ensure if communication technology will be used to sustain students reading for pleasure and lifelong learning (Pandian, 2001). 2.9 READING MATERIALS PREFERRED BY STUDENTS Easy access to books could promote or encourage students to read more. In an article of a magazine by Duncan (2010), it is suggested that every classroom should have a library where the books are filled with high-interest reading materials that students would love to read. Books that are easily accessible are most likely to be read by students when they do not have anything to do. Lots of researches have been done on the most important role which is the home environment itself that could promote and create lifelong readers but for students who could not afford to buy any reading materials, the classroom library must provide many reading materials that could be easily accessed. It can also help to promote positive reading attitudes and help the students to improve their reading performance (Young Moss 2006). Teachers are the ones who will be in charge of picking the texts that are popular among students. Teachers should not limit the students reading by only providing books they feel students should be reading. Teachers need to widen the concept of reading materials and also supply books with a wide range of fiction and nonfiction books (Duncan, 2010). Comics, series books, magazines and other materials not traditionally read in school should be considered (Lesesne, 2003). Students who are intimidated by books, magazines and comics might be interested in reading as it offers a comfortable and risk-free reading experience (Duncan, 2010).